Which of the following statements is true of the psychodynamic perspective on personality?

• A. It argues that personality is shaped by genetic inheritance and biological processes alone.
• B. It focuses primarily on observable behaviors and external reinforcement.
• C. It emphasizes the influence of unconscious motives and early childhood experiences on personality development.
• D. It suggests that personality is determined solely by conscious thoughts and rational decision-making.

Answer: (C)

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1. Identify the core focus of the psychodynamic perspective, which is rooted in the theories of Freud and his followers.
2. Understand that this perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious processes, meaning thoughts and feelings outside of conscious awareness, in shaping personality.
3. Recognize that early childhood experiences are considered crucial in the development of personality according to this perspective.
4. Contrast this with other perspectives: for example, the biological perspective focuses on genetics and biology, while the behavioral perspective focuses on observable behaviors and reinforcement.
5. Conclude that the statement highlighting unconscious motives and early childhood experiences best captures the essence of the psychodynamic perspective on personality.