Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of major depressive disorder according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria?

• A. Episodes of elevated mood and increased energy lasting at least one week
• B. Persistent feelings of sadness or loss of interest in most activities for at least two weeks
• C. Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
• D. Chronic excessive worry about multiple events or activities

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is diagnosed based on specific criteria outlined in the DSM-5, which focuses on mood and behavioral symptoms persisting over a certain duration.
2. Identify that MDD is characterized primarily by a depressed mood or a marked loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, lasting for at least two weeks.
3. Recognize that episodes of elevated mood and increased energy lasting at least one week are characteristic of manic episodes, which are associated with Bipolar Disorder, not MDD.
4. Note that recurrent, unexpected panic attacks are a hallmark of Panic Disorder, and chronic excessive worry about multiple events or activities is typical of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, both distinct from MDD.
5. Conclude that the symptom most characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder is persistent feelings of sadness or loss of interest in most activities for at least two weeks, aligning with the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.