According to the text, how is the term meritocracy defined in the context of psychology?

• A. A society in which all resources are distributed equally regardless of individual effort or talent.
• B. A system in which individuals are rewarded and advance based on their abilities and achievements rather than on their social class or personal connections.
• C. A theory that emphasizes the influence of genetics over environment in determining behavior.
• D. A political system where leaders are chosen by popular vote.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key components of the term 'meritocracy' as used in psychology, focusing on how individuals are evaluated and rewarded.
2. Understand that meritocracy involves advancement based on personal abilities and achievements rather than external factors like social class or connections.
3. Compare the given options to see which one aligns with this definition, noting that meritocracy emphasizes effort and talent.
4. Eliminate options that describe equal resource distribution regardless of effort, genetic determinism, or political voting systems, as these do not fit the psychological context of meritocracy.
5. Conclude that the correct definition is a system where individuals are rewarded and advance based on their abilities and achievements.