The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

• A. primary
• B. secondary
• C. conditioned
• D. negative

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of reinforcers in psychology, which are stimuli that increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
2. Recognize that primary reinforcers are naturally reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs or drives, such as food or pain relief.
3. Identify that secondary (or conditioned) reinforcers acquire their reinforcing power through association with primary reinforcers, like money or praise.
4. Note that negative reinforcers involve the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior, such as taking medicine to relieve pain.
5. Since both the taste of food and relief from a headache directly satisfy biological needs without prior learning, classify them as primary reinforcers.