Which of the following best describes a scientific theory in psychology?

• A. A scientific theory is a guess or assumption made without any supporting evidence.
• B. A scientific theory is a single experiment that proves a hypothesis.
• C. A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and can generate testable predictions.
• D. A scientific theory is a collection of personal opinions about psychological phenomena.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand that in psychology, a scientific theory is not just a guess or assumption; it must be based on evidence.
2. Step 2: Recognize that a scientific theory is more comprehensive than a single experiment; it integrates findings from multiple studies.
3. Step 3: Know that a scientific theory provides a well-substantiated explanation of phenomena, meaning it is supported by a large body of evidence.
4. Step 4: Realize that a scientific theory must be able to generate testable predictions, allowing researchers to design experiments to confirm or refute it.
5. Step 5: Differentiate a scientific theory from personal opinions or untested ideas, as theories require systematic investigation and empirical support.