Which of the following best defines the opponent process theory in the context of AP Psychology?

• A. It is a theory that suggests intelligence is composed of multiple independent abilities.
• B. It is a theory that describes how behavior is learned through reinforcement and punishment.
• C. It is a theory that explains how memory is encoded, stored, and retrieved in the brain.
• D. It is a theory that explains how emotions are regulated by opposing processes, so that the experience of one emotion is followed by the opposite emotion to maintain emotional balance.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key concept in the question: opponent process theory in the context of AP Psychology.
2. Recall that opponent process theory primarily relates to emotions and their regulation rather than intelligence, learning, or memory.
3. Understand that the theory suggests emotions work in pairs of opposites, where the activation of one emotion triggers a counteracting opposite emotion to restore balance.
4. Compare each provided option to this understanding to determine which best matches the theory's definition.
5. Select the option that states the theory explains how emotions are regulated by opposing processes, leading to an opposite emotional experience following the initial one.