Which of the following is a characteristic shared by both the id and the superego according to the psychodynamic perspective on personality?

• A. Both are responsible for moral reasoning.
• B. Both are governed by the reality principle.
• C. Both seek immediate gratification of desires.
• D. Both operate largely outside of conscious awareness.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the basic components of Freud's psychodynamic theory: the id, ego, and superego, each with distinct functions and principles.
2. Recall that the id operates based on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification and is entirely unconscious.
3. Recognize that the superego represents internalized moral standards and ideals, and it functions largely outside of conscious awareness, influencing behavior through guilt and pride.
4. Note that the ego operates on the reality principle, mediating between the id and superego and is partly conscious.
5. Conclude that the shared characteristic between the id and superego is that both operate largely outside of conscious awareness, unlike the ego which is more conscious.