Which statement best captures a major way Carl Jung differed from Sigmund Freud in their theories of personality?

• A. Jung believed personality was entirely shaped by early childhood experiences, just as Freud did.
• B. Jung argued that sexual drives were the sole motivators of behavior, unlike Freud.
• C. Jung rejected the idea of archetypes, whereas Freud considered them central to personality.
• D. Jung emphasized the collective unconscious, while Freud focused on the personal unconscious.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the core focus of Freud's theory of personality, which centers on the personal unconscious and the influence of early childhood experiences and sexual drives on behavior.
2. Step 2: Recognize that Carl Jung expanded on Freud's ideas by introducing the concept of the collective unconscious, a shared set of memories and archetypes common to all humans, beyond the personal unconscious.
3. Step 3: Compare the two perspectives: Freud emphasized individual unconscious processes shaped by personal experiences, while Jung highlighted universal, inherited elements influencing personality.
4. Step 4: Evaluate the given statements by identifying which one correctly contrasts Jung's emphasis on the collective unconscious with Freud's focus on the personal unconscious.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the statement 'Jung emphasized the collective unconscious, while Freud focused on the personal unconscious' best captures the major theoretical difference between the two psychologists.