Which statement best summarizes the contributions of genetics and environment to intelligence?

• A. Intelligence is determined almost entirely by genetic factors, with little influence from the environment.
• B. Both genetics and environment play significant roles in shaping intelligence, with their effects interacting throughout development.
• C. Environmental factors are the sole determinants of intelligence, and genetics have no impact.
• D. Genetics and environment contribute to intelligence, but their effects are completely independent and do not interact.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the key concepts involved—'genetics' refers to the inherited biological factors passed from parents to offspring, while 'environment' includes all external influences such as education, nutrition, and social experiences.
2. Step 2: Recognize that intelligence is a complex trait influenced by multiple factors rather than a single cause, meaning both genetics and environment contribute to its development.
3. Step 3: Learn about the interaction between genetics and environment, which means that genetic predispositions can be enhanced or limited by environmental conditions, and vice versa.
4. Step 4: Evaluate the statements by considering current psychological research, which supports the idea that intelligence results from the dynamic interplay between genetic and environmental factors rather than one acting alone or independently.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the best summary acknowledges both genetics and environment as significant contributors to intelligence, with their effects interacting throughout development.