In the context of AP Psychology, which of the following best defines the function of the hippocampus in the brain?

• A. It processes visual information from the eyes.
• B. It controls voluntary muscle movements.
• C. It regulates heart rate and breathing.
• D. It is primarily involved in the formation of new long-term memories.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the hippocampus is a critical structure within the brain's limbic system, which is heavily involved in memory and learning processes.
2. Recognize that the hippocampus does not process sensory input like visual information; that function is primarily handled by the occipital lobe.
3. Note that voluntary muscle movements are controlled by the motor cortex and cerebellum, not the hippocampus.
4. Acknowledge that regulation of heart rate and breathing is managed by the brainstem, specifically areas like the medulla oblongata, rather than the hippocampus.
5. Conclude that the hippocampus's main role is in the formation and consolidation of new long-term memories, making it essential for learning and memory retention.