Which of the following best explains why amphetamines can be used to treat ADHD in children?

• A. Amphetamines act as depressants, slowing down brain activity to help children focus.
• B. Amphetamines increase the availability of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, which help improve attention and reduce impulsivity.
• C. Amphetamines stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to increased relaxation and better concentration.
• D. Amphetamines block serotonin receptors, which directly reduces hyperactivity.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the nature of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), which is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, often linked to dysregulation of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
2. Step 2: Recognize that amphetamines are classified as central nervous system stimulants, meaning they increase activity in certain brain pathways rather than slowing them down.
3. Step 3: Identify the key neurotransmitters involved in ADHD symptoms, primarily dopamine and norepinephrine, which play crucial roles in attention and executive function.
4. Step 4: Explain that amphetamines work by increasing the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft, enhancing neurotransmission and improving focus and impulse control.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the therapeutic effect of amphetamines in treating ADHD is due to their ability to boost these neurotransmitters, rather than acting as depressants, stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system, or blocking serotonin receptors.