In classical conditioning, which of the following are unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?

• A. Reflexes
• B. Conditioned responses
• C. Operant behaviors
• D. Habits

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of classical conditioning, which involves learning through association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
2. Step 2: Identify the types of responses involved in classical conditioning. Unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically are called unconditioned responses or reflexes.
3. Step 3: Differentiate between reflexes and conditioned responses. Reflexes are innate and automatic, while conditioned responses are learned reactions to previously neutral stimuli.
4. Step 4: Recognize that operant behaviors and habits are related to voluntary actions and learning through consequences, not automatic involuntary responses.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct term for unlearned, involuntary responses in classical conditioning is 'Reflexes'.