In the context of AP Psychology, chronic stress is most likely to lead to which of the following outcomes?

• A. Decreased sensitivity to environmental stressors over time
• B. Enhanced memory and cognitive performance in all situations
• C. Increased risk of physical and mental health problems such as depression and heart disease
• D. Improved immune system functioning and overall well-being

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of chronic stress in psychology. Chronic stress refers to a prolonged and constant feeling of stress that can negatively affect an individual's health over time.
2. Step 2: Recognize the physiological and psychological effects of chronic stress. Chronic stress activates the body's stress response system continuously, which can lead to wear and tear on the body and brain.
3. Step 3: Identify common outcomes associated with chronic stress. These often include increased risk of physical health problems like heart disease, as well as mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.
4. Step 4: Evaluate the given options by comparing them to known effects of chronic stress. For example, chronic stress typically does not improve immune function or cognitive performance universally, nor does it decrease sensitivity to stressors.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the most accurate outcome of chronic stress is an increased risk of physical and mental health problems, aligning with established psychological research on stress and health.