Which of the following correctly lists the four phases of a crisis according to Caplan's model in the study of stress?

• A. Alarm, resistance, exhaustion, recovery
• B. Pre-crisis, impact, chronic, recovery
• C. Initial threat, escalation, acute crisis, resolution
• D. Problem arises, increased tension, mobilization of resources, breakdown or adaptation

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that Caplan's model of crisis outlines a sequence of phases that individuals typically go through when experiencing a crisis situation.
2. Identify the four phases in Caplan's model, which describe the progression from the initial problem to the eventual outcome, either adaptation or breakdown.
3. Recognize that the phases are: 1) Problem arises, where the initial stressor or crisis event occurs; 2) Increased tension, where stress and anxiety build up as the individual struggles to cope; 3) Mobilization of resources, where the individual attempts to use coping mechanisms or seek help; and 4) Breakdown or adaptation, where the individual either successfully adapts to the crisis or experiences a breakdown.
4. Compare the given options to see which one matches these four phases exactly, focusing on the terminology and sequence used by Caplan.
5. Conclude that the correct listing of the four phases according to Caplan's model is the one that states: Problem arises, increased tension, mobilization of resources, breakdown or adaptation.