Which of the following statements regarding ADHD is true?

• A. ADHD symptoms are always caused by poor parenting or lack of discipline.
• B. ADHD can be cured completely with a single course of medication.
• C. ADHD is only diagnosed in adults and rarely affects children.
• D. ADHD is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the nature of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning or development.
2. Step 2: Evaluate the incorrect statements by considering psychological research and clinical evidence: ADHD is not caused by poor parenting or lack of discipline, so the first statement is false.
3. Step 3: Recognize that ADHD cannot be completely cured with a single course of medication; treatment often involves a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, and support, making the second statement false.
4. Step 4: Know that ADHD is commonly diagnosed in childhood and can continue into adulthood, so the third statement claiming it is only diagnosed in adults is false.
5. Step 5: Confirm that the true statement accurately describes ADHD as involving persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development, which aligns with the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5.