In cognitive psychology, what are heuristics?

• A. Heuristics are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision making and problem solving.
• B. Heuristics are formal algorithms that guarantee a correct solution to every problem.
• C. Heuristics are emotional responses that influence memory retrieval.
• D. Heuristics are long-term memory storage systems in the brain.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand that heuristics are concepts used in cognitive psychology to describe how people make decisions and solve problems efficiently.
2. Step 2: Recognize that heuristics are not formal algorithms; instead, they are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that help simplify complex decision-making processes.
3. Step 3: Differentiate heuristics from emotional responses or memory storage systems, as heuristics specifically relate to cognitive strategies rather than emotions or memory structures.
4. Step 4: Note that heuristics do not guarantee a correct solution every time but are useful for quick judgments and problem solving when time or information is limited.
5. Step 5: Summarize that heuristics are practical cognitive tools that reduce the effort needed to make decisions by simplifying the process.