According to research in developmental psychology, breast-fed children are less likely to develop all of the following conditions except:

• A. Asthma
• B. Type 1 diabetes
• C. Obesity
• D. Down syndrome

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the context of the question, which relates to developmental psychology and the health outcomes associated with breast-feeding in children.
2. Step 2: Identify the conditions listed: Asthma, Type 1 diabetes, Obesity, and Down syndrome, and recognize that the question asks which condition is NOT less likely to develop in breast-fed children.
3. Step 3: Recall that breast-feeding has been shown to reduce the risk of certain health issues such as asthma, type 1 diabetes, and obesity due to its nutritional and immunological benefits.
4. Step 4: Recognize that Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by chromosomal abnormalities and is not influenced by breast-feeding or environmental factors in the same way as the other conditions.
5. Step 5: Conclude that since breast-feeding does not affect the likelihood of developing Down syndrome, it is the exception among the conditions listed.