According to the psychodynamic perspective, the ego operates based on the _______ principle.

• A. morality
• B. instinct
• C. pleasure
• D. reality

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the psychodynamic perspective, founded by Freud, describes three parts of the personality: the id, ego, and superego.
2. Recall that each part operates based on a different principle: the id follows the pleasure principle, the superego follows the morality principle, and the ego follows the reality principle.
3. Identify that the ego acts as a mediator between the unrealistic demands of the id and the moral constraints of the superego, trying to find realistic ways to satisfy desires.
4. Recognize that the reality principle means the ego considers the external world and consequences before acting, delaying gratification when necessary.
5. Conclude that according to the psychodynamic perspective, the ego operates based on the reality principle.