In the context of AP Psychology, which of the following best defines the term 'regression' as a defense mechanism?

• A. Refusing to acknowledge reality or facts
• B. Redirecting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities
• C. Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to others
• D. A return to an earlier stage of development in response to stress or anxiety

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological strategies used to cope with reality and maintain self-image.
2. Identify that 'regression' specifically refers to reverting to behaviors characteristic of an earlier developmental stage when faced with stress or anxiety.
3. Compare the given options to the definition of regression: refusing reality is denial, redirecting impulses is sublimation, and attributing thoughts to others is projection.
4. Recognize that the correct definition of regression is 'a return to an earlier stage of development in response to stress or anxiety,' which matches the last option.
5. Conclude that regression involves behaviors like childlike actions or dependency that a person might exhibit when overwhelmed, illustrating a retreat to a safer, earlier psychological state.