Which behaviorist believed that both observation and reinforcement shaped behavior?

• A. John B. Watson
• B. Albert Bandura
• C. Ivan Pavlov
• D. B.F. Skinner

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the key concepts involved in the question: observation and reinforcement as factors shaping behavior.
2. Step 2: Recall that John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov focused primarily on classical conditioning and observable behavior, emphasizing reinforcement but not observational learning.
3. Step 3: Recognize that B.F. Skinner is known for operant conditioning, which centers on reinforcement but does not emphasize observation as a learning mechanism.
4. Step 4: Identify Albert Bandura as the behaviorist who introduced the concept of observational learning (modeling) combined with reinforcement, highlighting that behavior is shaped by both watching others and consequences.
5. Step 5: Conclude that Albert Bandura is the correct answer because he integrated both observation and reinforcement in his social learning theory.