Which of the following theories is Sigmund Freud best known for developing within the psychodynamic perspective on personality?

• A. The theory of cognitive development, which describes stages of intellectual growth
• B. The theory of psychoanalysis, which emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts
• C. The theory of humanistic self-actualization, which centers on personal growth
• D. The theory of operant conditioning, which focuses on reinforcement and punishment

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the key figure mentioned in the problem, Sigmund Freud, and recognize his primary contributions to psychology.
2. Step 2: Understand the psychodynamic perspective on personality, which emphasizes unconscious processes, early childhood experiences, and internal conflicts.
3. Step 3: Review the theories listed and match them to their respective founders or perspectives: cognitive development (Jean Piaget), humanistic self-actualization (Abraham Maslow), operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner), and psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud).
4. Step 4: Recognize that Freud is best known for developing psychoanalysis, a theory that focuses on unconscious motives and conflicts as central to personality development.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct theory associated with Freud within the psychodynamic perspective is the theory of psychoanalysis.