Which of the following statements about the relationship between genes and self-esteem is most accurate?

• A. Only environmental factors, not genes, determine self-esteem.
• B. Self-esteem is entirely determined by genetic inheritance.
• C. Scientists have proven that genes play no role in self-esteem.
• D. Research indicates that both genetic and environmental factors can influence self-esteem.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that self-esteem is a psychological trait influenced by multiple factors, including both genetics and environment.
2. Recognize that statements claiming only environmental factors or only genetic factors determine self-esteem are overly simplistic and do not reflect current scientific understanding.
3. Recall that research in behavioral genetics, such as twin and adoption studies, shows that self-esteem has a heritable component, meaning genes contribute to individual differences.
4. Also acknowledge that environmental influences, such as upbringing, social experiences, and culture, play a significant role in shaping self-esteem.
5. Conclude that the most accurate statement is that both genetic and environmental factors influence self-esteem, reflecting the interactionist perspective common in psychology.