Which of the following best reflects an external attribution?

• A. He forgot his homework because he is forgetful.
• B. He missed the meeting because he is irresponsible.
• C. She failed the exam because the test was unfair.
• D. She got a promotion because she is very talented.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of attribution in psychology. Attribution refers to how people explain the causes of behavior and events. There are two main types: internal (dispositional) attributions, which assign cause to personal traits or characteristics, and external (situational) attributions, which assign cause to environmental or situational factors.
2. Step 2: Identify internal attributions in the options. These are explanations that focus on the person's traits or abilities, such as being forgetful, irresponsible, or talented.
3. Step 3: Identify external attributions in the options. These are explanations that focus on outside factors or circumstances beyond the person's control, such as the test being unfair.
4. Step 4: Compare each option to see which one attributes the cause of behavior to an external factor rather than an internal trait.
5. Step 5: Select the option that best reflects an external attribution, meaning the cause is due to the situation or environment, not the individual's personal characteristics.