Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the approach cognitive psychologists use to evaluate the validity of a speaker's findings based on observed behaviors?
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1. Introduction to Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
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Which of the following is an example of pessimism?
A
Assuming that setbacks are temporary and can be overcome
B
Believing that a difficult exam will result in failure no matter how much you study
C
Expecting that hard work will lead to success in future challenges
D
Viewing mistakes as opportunities for personal growth
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of pessimism: it involves expecting negative outcomes and believing that bad events are likely to happen or will persist.
Review each option and identify the underlying attitude toward challenges or setbacks.
Recognize that 'Assuming that setbacks are temporary and can be overcome' reflects optimism, as it expects positive change.
Identify that 'Believing that a difficult exam will result in failure no matter how much you study' reflects pessimism, as it assumes failure regardless of effort.
Confirm that the other options, such as expecting success from hard work or viewing mistakes as growth opportunities, represent optimistic or positive outlooks.
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