Which of the following is NOT one of the seven universal emotions described in this chapter?

• A. Surprise
• B. Disgust
• C. Fear
• D. Pride

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of universal emotions. These are emotions that are recognized across all human cultures, suggesting they are biologically hardwired rather than culturally learned.
2. Step 2: Recall the seven universal emotions commonly identified in psychological research. These typically include: Surprise, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Sadness, Anger, and Contempt.
3. Step 3: Compare the options given in the problem with the list of universal emotions. Identify which emotions are part of the universal set and which are not.
4. Step 4: Notice that 'Pride' is not included in the standard list of seven universal emotions, as it is considered a more complex, self-conscious emotion that depends on self-awareness and social context.
5. Step 5: Conclude that 'Pride' is the correct answer because it is not one of the seven universal emotions described in the chapter.