Which of the following best describes abstinence in the context of psychology?

• A. Abstinence is the process of gradually reducing the frequency of a behavior until it is eliminated.
• B. Abstinence is a psychological disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in risky behaviors.
• C. Abstinence is the inability to control impulses related to addictive substances.
• D. Abstinence refers to the deliberate avoidance of certain behaviors, such as substance use or sexual activity, often for personal, moral, or health reasons.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the term 'abstinence' in psychology, which generally refers to the deliberate choice to avoid certain behaviors or substances.
2. Step 2: Review the options given and identify which definition aligns with the concept of intentional avoidance rather than reduction, disorder, or inability to control impulses.
3. Step 3: Recognize that abstinence is not about gradually reducing behavior (which is more like 'fading' or 'tapering'), nor is it a disorder or loss of control.
4. Step 4: Confirm that abstinence involves a conscious decision to refrain from behaviors such as substance use or sexual activity, often motivated by personal, moral, or health reasons.
5. Step 5: Select the option that defines abstinence as the deliberate avoidance of certain behaviors, as this best captures the psychological meaning of the term.