According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following occurs during phase 3?

• A. Infants respond equally to all caregivers and do not show preference for any particular person.
• B. Infants are primarily focused on orienting and signaling behaviors to attract attention from anyone nearby.
• C. Infants begin to form reciprocal relationships and understand the feelings and intentions of caregivers.
• D. Infants show clear attachment to one specific person and display separation anxiety when that person leaves.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand Bowlby's theory of attachment, which describes how infants develop emotional bonds with caregivers in distinct phases.
2. Step 2: Identify the characteristics of each phase. Phase 1 involves indiscriminate social responsiveness, where infants respond to any caregiver.
3. Step 3: Recognize that Phase 2 is characterized by orientation and signaling behaviors aimed at attracting attention from any person nearby.
4. Step 4: Note that Phase 3 is when infants show clear attachment to one specific person, often the primary caregiver, and begin to display separation anxiety when that person leaves.
5. Step 5: Understand that Phase 4 involves the development of reciprocal relationships, where infants start to understand caregivers' feelings and intentions.