The use of tokens in token economies is an example of which of the following types of reinforcement?

• A. Primary reinforcement
• B. Secondary reinforcement
• C. Punishment
• D. Negative reinforcement

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of reinforcement in psychology, which is a process that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
2. Step 2: Differentiate between primary and secondary reinforcement. Primary reinforcers are naturally reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs (e.g., food, water).
3. Step 3: Recognize that secondary reinforcers, also called conditioned reinforcers, acquire their reinforcing power through association with primary reinforcers (e.g., tokens, money).
4. Step 4: Analyze the role of tokens in a token economy. Tokens themselves do not satisfy biological needs but can be exchanged for primary reinforcers, making them secondary reinforcers.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the use of tokens in token economies exemplifies secondary reinforcement because the tokens gain value through their association with primary reinforcers.