Which of the following is true of defense mechanisms according to the psychodynamic perspective on personality?

• A. Defense mechanisms are only used during childhood and disappear in adulthood.
• B. Defense mechanisms are unique to individuals with psychological disorders.
• C. Defense mechanisms operate unconsciously to reduce anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings.
• D. Defense mechanisms are conscious strategies used to solve interpersonal conflicts.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that defense mechanisms are psychological strategies used by the ego to manage anxiety and internal conflict, according to the psychodynamic perspective.
2. Recognize that defense mechanisms operate primarily at an unconscious level, meaning individuals are typically unaware they are using them.
3. Note that defense mechanisms are not limited to childhood; they continue to function throughout adulthood as a way to protect the self from distressing thoughts or feelings.
4. Acknowledge that defense mechanisms are common to all individuals, not just those with psychological disorders, serving as normal coping processes.
5. Distinguish between unconscious defense mechanisms and conscious coping strategies, understanding that defense mechanisms are not deliberate or conscious efforts to solve problems.