Which of the following best defines psychology as a scientific discipline?

• A. The study of behavior and mental processes
• B. The analysis of social institutions and their impact on society
• C. The practice of diagnosing and treating physical illnesses
• D. The study of the structure and function of the human brain only

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that psychology is a broad scientific discipline focused on understanding both observable behaviors and internal mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, and perceptions.
2. Recognize that psychology differs from other fields like sociology, which studies social institutions, or medicine, which focuses on diagnosing and treating physical illnesses.
3. Note that while the brain's structure and function are important in psychology, the field is not limited to neuroscience alone; it also includes cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects.
4. Identify the option that encompasses both behavior and mental processes, as this reflects the comprehensive scope of psychology as a science.
5. Conclude that the best definition of psychology as a scientific discipline is 'The study of behavior and mental processes' because it captures the full range of psychological inquiry.