In the context of AP Psychology, which of the following best defines the pituitary gland?

• A. A gland located above the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during stress.
• B. A small gland located at the base of the brain that regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands by releasing hormones.
• C. A gland in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism, such as thyroxine.
• D. A gland in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar by producing insulin.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the role of the pituitary gland within the endocrine system, which is a key topic in AP Psychology related to biological bases of behavior.
2. Recall that the pituitary gland is often called the 'master gland' because it controls other endocrine glands by releasing various hormones.
3. Understand the anatomical location of the pituitary gland, which is at the base of the brain, connected to the hypothalamus.
4. Differentiate the pituitary gland from other glands mentioned: the adrenal glands (above kidneys), thyroid gland (in the neck), and pancreas (involved in blood sugar regulation).
5. Conclude that the best definition of the pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain that regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands by releasing hormones.