Which of the following statements best captures the basic idea of operant conditioning?

• A. Memory is improved by repeating information over time.
• B. Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences, such as rewards and punishments.
• C. Learning occurs through the association of two stimuli presented together repeatedly.
• D. Behavior is determined solely by genetic factors.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the core concept of operant conditioning, which is a type of learning where behavior is influenced by its consequences.
2. Understand that operant conditioning involves reinforcement (rewards) and punishment to increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
3. Recognize that this differs from classical conditioning, which involves learning through the association of two stimuli.
4. Eliminate options that describe memory improvement, classical conditioning, or genetic determinism, as these do not capture operant conditioning.
5. Conclude that the statement 'Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences, such as rewards and punishments' best describes operant conditioning.