In introductory research methods, which of the following is a type of psychological research design?

• A. Phrenology (skull measurement)
• B. Graphology (handwriting analysis)
• C. Astrology-based prediction
• D. Experimental research

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand what a psychological research design is. It refers to the structured plan or method used to conduct research in psychology to test hypotheses and answer research questions systematically.
2. Step 2: Review the options given: Phrenology, Graphology, Astrology-based prediction, and Experimental research. Consider whether each is a scientific method used in psychology.
3. Step 3: Recognize that Phrenology, Graphology, and Astrology are considered pseudosciences or non-empirical approaches, lacking rigorous scientific methodology and empirical support.
4. Step 4: Identify that Experimental research is a scientific research design in psychology where variables are manipulated and controlled to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
5. Step 5: Conclude that among the options, Experimental research is the valid type of psychological research design because it follows scientific principles and methods.