Which of the following best defines psychoanalysis according to the psychodynamic perspective in psychology?

• A. A humanistic approach that centers on self-actualization and personal growth.
• B. A therapeutic approach that seeks to uncover unconscious conflicts and motives through techniques such as free association and dream analysis.
• C. A method focused on changing observable behaviors through reinforcement and punishment.
• D. A perspective that emphasizes the role of genetics and brain structures in shaping personality.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the psychodynamic perspective, which emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes and early life experiences on behavior and personality.
2. Step 2: Recognize that psychoanalysis is a therapeutic approach developed by Sigmund Freud within the psychodynamic framework.
3. Step 3: Identify the key goal of psychoanalysis: to uncover unconscious conflicts and motives that affect a person's thoughts and behaviors.
4. Step 4: Note the common techniques used in psychoanalysis, such as free association (encouraging patients to speak freely) and dream analysis (interpreting dreams to reveal unconscious content).
5. Step 5: Compare the given options and select the one that aligns with these characteristics of psychoanalysis, distinguishing it from other psychological approaches like humanistic, behavioral, or biological perspectives.