In the context of behavioral and cognitive therapies, behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

• A. The interpretation of dreams to uncover hidden conflicts
• B. The use of medication to correct chemical imbalances in the brain
• C. The modification of observable behaviors through principles of learning such as reinforcement and punishment
• D. The exploration of unconscious motives and early childhood experiences

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the core focus of behavior therapy, which is grounded in the principles of learning theory, particularly classical and operant conditioning.
2. Understand that behavior therapists prioritize observable behaviors rather than internal mental states or unconscious processes.
3. Recognize that behavior therapy involves modifying behaviors by applying reinforcement (to increase desired behaviors) and punishment (to decrease undesired behaviors).
4. Contrast behavior therapy with other approaches: psychoanalysis focuses on unconscious motives and early experiences, cognitive therapy emphasizes thoughts, and biological approaches use medication.
5. Conclude that behavior therapists emphasize the modification of observable behaviors through learning principles such as reinforcement and punishment in their treatment.