Which of the following is NOT typically associated with the preoperational stage?

• A. Egocentrism.
• B. Children's use of mental symbols.
• C. The emergence of more elaborate pretend play.
• D. The development of object permanence.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the preoperational stage, which is part of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage typically occurs between ages 2 and 7.
2. Recognize that during the preoperational stage, children are known for egocentrism, where they have difficulty seeing things from perspectives other than their own.
3. Identify that children in this stage use mental symbols, such as words and images, to represent objects and experiences, which is a key characteristic of this stage.
4. Note that the emergence of more elaborate pretend play is also typical during the preoperational stage, as children begin to engage in imaginative activities.
5. Understand that the development of object permanence is not associated with the preoperational stage. Object permanence is typically developed during the sensorimotor stage, which precedes the preoperational stage.