According to Erik Erikson, which of the following does NOT characterize self-actualization?

• A. Achieving one's full potential through personal growth
• B. A sense of purpose and meaning in life
• C. Resolution of psychosocial crises across the lifespan
• D. Satisfying basic physiological needs

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of self-actualization, which is primarily associated with humanistic psychology, especially Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Self-actualization refers to achieving one's full potential through personal growth and fulfillment.
2. Step 2: Recognize that Erik Erikson's theory focuses on psychosocial development across the lifespan, emphasizing the resolution of specific psychosocial crises at different stages, which contributes to a sense of purpose and identity.
3. Step 3: Identify that characteristics such as achieving full potential, having a sense of purpose, and resolving psychosocial crises align with self-actualization or related developmental concepts.
4. Step 4: Note that satisfying basic physiological needs (such as food, water, and shelter) is foundational in Maslow's hierarchy but is not a characteristic of self-actualization itself; rather, it is a prerequisite for reaching self-actualization.
5. Step 5: Conclude that among the options, 'Satisfying basic physiological needs' does NOT characterize self-actualization because it pertains to more fundamental needs that must be met before self-actualization can occur.