According to research on the theories of emotion, individuals with high self-esteem have been shown to have a variety of illusions. Which of the following best describes these illusions?

• A. They are less likely to experience any cognitive biases related to self-perception.
• B. They typically have a more accurate perception of their own abilities compared to others.
• C. They are more likely to underestimate their achievements and focus on their weaknesses.
• D. They tend to overestimate their abilities and perceive themselves more positively than others do.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of self-esteem: Self-esteem refers to an individual's overall subjective evaluation of their own worth or abilities.
2. Recognize that research on theories of emotion and self-esteem often explores how people perceive themselves in relation to reality and others.
3. Identify that individuals with high self-esteem tend to have positive illusions, meaning they view themselves in an overly favorable way compared to objective measures or others' perceptions.
4. Note that these positive illusions include overestimating their abilities and perceiving themselves more positively than others do, which can influence emotional well-being and motivation.
5. Conclude that the best description of these illusions is that individuals with high self-esteem tend to overestimate their abilities and perceive themselves more positively than others do.