In cognitive psychology, reasoning from the specific to the general, or from the bottom up, is known as which of the following?

• A. Heuristic reasoning
• B. Inductive reasoning
• C. Analogical reasoning
• D. Deductive reasoning

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the key terms involved in reasoning processes within cognitive psychology.
2. Recognize that reasoning from specific observations or instances to broader generalizations is a type of reasoning process.
3. Recall that 'inductive reasoning' is defined as moving from specific cases to general principles, often described as bottom-up reasoning.
4. Differentiate inductive reasoning from 'deductive reasoning,' which moves from general principles to specific conclusions (top-down reasoning).
5. Confirm that the reasoning described in the problem—going from specific to general—is called inductive reasoning.