Which one of the following is a limitation of the reasoning by analogy heuristic?

• A. It is only applicable to mathematical problem solving.
• B. It can lead to errors if the underlying structures of the problems are not truly similar.
• C. It always guarantees a correct solution to novel problems.
• D. It eliminates the need for prior knowledge or experience.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand what the reasoning by analogy heuristic involves. It is a problem-solving strategy where you apply a solution from a known problem to a new problem based on perceived similarities.
2. Step 2: Recognize that this heuristic relies on identifying structural similarities between problems, not just superficial features.
3. Step 3: Consider the limitation that if the underlying structures of the problems are not truly similar, applying the analogy can lead to incorrect conclusions or errors.
4. Step 4: Note that reasoning by analogy is not limited to mathematical problem solving; it can be used in various domains.
5. Step 5: Understand that this heuristic does not guarantee a correct solution and does not eliminate the need for prior knowledge or experience, as these are essential to identify relevant analogies.