Which of the following statements about psychological perspectives on emotion is true?

• A. The Schachter-Singer theory argues that emotions are solely the result of unconscious drives.
• B. The Cannon-Bard theory states that emotion is experienced only after cognitive appraisal.
• C. The James-Lange theory suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion.
• D. The evolutionary perspective claims that emotions are learned through social interactions.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the key psychological theories of emotion mentioned: Schachter-Singer theory, Cannon-Bard theory, James-Lange theory, and the evolutionary perspective.
2. Step 2: Understand the core idea of the James-Lange theory, which proposes that physiological arousal occurs first and then the brain interprets this arousal as a specific emotion.
3. Step 3: Review the Schachter-Singer theory, which suggests that emotion results from both physiological arousal and cognitive labeling, not solely unconscious drives.
4. Step 4: Recall the Cannon-Bard theory, which argues that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, not that emotion happens only after cognitive appraisal.
5. Step 5: Recognize that the evolutionary perspective views emotions as innate and adaptive responses shaped by evolution, rather than learned solely through social interactions.