Which of the following best describes classical conditioning?

• A. A process by which information is stored and retrieved in the brain
• B. A technique used to measure intelligence through standardized tests
• C. A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior
• D. A learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand that classical conditioning is a type of learning process studied in psychology, specifically in behavioral psychology.
2. Step 2: Recognize that classical conditioning involves the association between two stimuli: a neutral stimulus and a meaningful (or unconditioned) stimulus.
3. Step 3: Know that through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits a response similar to the original unconditioned response.
4. Step 4: Differentiate classical conditioning from other learning processes, such as operant conditioning, which involves learning through rewards and punishments.
5. Step 5: Conclude that classical conditioning is best described as a learning process where a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response after being paired with a meaningful stimulus.