All of the following are shaped by learned behavior except __________.

• A. preference for certain foods based on experience
• B. reflexive withdrawal from a painful stimulus
• C. developing a fear of dogs after being bitten
• D. learning to ride a bicycle

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the difference between learned behaviors and innate behaviors. Learned behaviors are acquired through experience or practice, while innate behaviors are inborn and automatic.
2. Step 2: Identify each option and classify it as either learned or innate. For example, 'preference for certain foods based on experience' involves learning from past experiences, so it is a learned behavior.
3. Step 3: Analyze 'reflexive withdrawal from a painful stimulus.' Reflexes are automatic, involuntary responses that do not require learning; they are innate behaviors.
4. Step 4: Consider 'developing a fear of dogs after being bitten.' This is a learned behavior because the fear develops through a specific experience (being bitten).
5. Step 5: Evaluate 'learning to ride a bicycle.' This clearly involves practice and skill acquisition, making it a learned behavior.