In cognitive psychology, clinicians with which of the following theoretical orientations are most likely to use observational methods in their practice?

• A. Behavioral
• B. Humanistic
• C. Biological
• D. Psychoanalytic

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the key theoretical orientations mentioned: Behavioral, Humanistic, Biological, and Psychoanalytic. Each orientation has distinct approaches and methods in clinical practice.
2. Step 2: Recall that Behavioral orientation focuses on observable behaviors and how they are learned or modified, often using direct observation as a primary method.
3. Step 3: Recognize that Humanistic orientation emphasizes personal growth and subjective experience, typically using client-centered dialogue rather than observation.
4. Step 4: Note that Biological orientation centers on physiological and genetic factors, often relying on medical tests and brain imaging rather than behavioral observation.
5. Step 5: Understand that Psychoanalytic orientation explores unconscious processes through techniques like free association and dream analysis, which are not observational methods.