Which of the following is NOT a primary reinforcer?

• A. Money.
• B. Shelter.
• C. Water.
• D. Food.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of primary reinforcers: Primary reinforcers are stimuli that are naturally reinforcing because they satisfy basic biological needs, such as food, water, and shelter.
2. Recognize the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers: Secondary reinforcers, like money, are not inherently satisfying but gain their reinforcing power through association with primary reinforcers.
3. Analyze each option: Water, food, and shelter are all primary reinforcers because they fulfill basic survival needs. Money, however, is a secondary reinforcer because it has no intrinsic value but can be used to obtain primary reinforcers.
4. Identify the correct answer: The question asks for the option that is NOT a primary reinforcer. Based on the analysis, money is the correct answer.
5. Conclude: Money is a secondary reinforcer, while water, food, and shelter are primary reinforcers. This distinction is key to understanding reinforcement in behavioral psychology.