Which of the following best describes the role of reinforcement in operant conditioning theories?

• A. Reinforcement only applies to involuntary, reflexive behaviors.
• B. Reinforcement decreases the frequency of a behavior by introducing an unpleasant stimulus.
• C. Reinforcement increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated in the future.
• D. Reinforcement has no effect on the probability of a behavior occurring again.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of operant conditioning, which is a learning process where behaviors are influenced by their consequences.
2. Step 2: Define reinforcement in operant conditioning as any consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in the future.
3. Step 3: Differentiate reinforcement from punishment: reinforcement increases behavior frequency, while punishment decreases it.
4. Step 4: Recognize that reinforcement applies to voluntary behaviors, not involuntary or reflexive behaviors, which are more related to classical conditioning.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct description of reinforcement is that it increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated in the future.