Which of the following is true regarding learning through operant conditioning?

• A. Associations are formed between two stimuli that are presented together repeatedly.
• B. Behavior is shaped by the consequences that follow it, such as rewards or punishments.
• C. Learning occurs primarily through observing others and imitating their actions.
• D. Operant conditioning only involves involuntary, reflexive responses.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is influenced by its consequences, such as rewards or punishments.
2. Recognize that in operant conditioning, the focus is on voluntary behaviors that are strengthened or weakened based on the outcomes they produce.
3. Contrast operant conditioning with classical conditioning, where associations are formed between two stimuli presented together repeatedly, leading to involuntary responses.
4. Note that learning through observing others and imitating their actions is characteristic of observational learning, not operant conditioning.
5. Remember that operant conditioning does not involve involuntary, reflexive responses; instead, it involves active behaviors that are modified by consequences.