Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

• A. Calvin Hall
• B. J. Allan Hobson
• C. Carl Jung
• D. Sigmund Freud

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the question is asking about a researcher who believed dreams reflect life events important to the dreamer, focusing on the psychological interpretation of dreams.
2. Step 2: Recall that Sigmund Freud viewed dreams as expressions of unconscious desires and conflicts, often symbolic rather than direct reflections of life events.
3. Step 3: Recognize that Carl Jung emphasized archetypes and collective unconscious in dreams, interpreting them as messages from deeper layers of the psyche rather than direct life event reflections.
4. Step 4: Note that J. Allan Hobson proposed the activation-synthesis model, suggesting dreams result from brain activity during sleep, not necessarily reflecting personal life events.
5. Step 5: Identify that Calvin Hall is known for the cognitive theory of dreams, which states that dreams reflect the dreamer's personal life experiences and concerns, making him the correct answer.