According to the psychodynamic perspective, Freud emphasized that unresolved childhood conflicts often lead to which of the following outcomes in adulthood?

• A. An increased ability to self-actualize and reach one's full potential
• B. The complete absence of defense mechanisms
• C. The development of psychological disorders or maladaptive behaviors
• D. A greater reliance on conscious decision-making processes

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the psychodynamic perspective, which was developed by Sigmund Freud. This perspective emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences on adult behavior.
2. Step 2: Recognize that Freud believed unresolved conflicts during childhood, especially those involving psychosexual stages, could lead to difficulties later in life.
3. Step 3: Identify the typical outcomes Freud associated with unresolved childhood conflicts, such as the development of psychological disorders or maladaptive behaviors, rather than positive outcomes like self-actualization.
4. Step 4: Note that Freud also proposed defense mechanisms as unconscious strategies to manage anxiety from these conflicts, so the complete absence of defense mechanisms is unlikely according to his theory.
5. Step 5: Conclude that according to Freud's psychodynamic perspective, unresolved childhood conflicts most commonly result in psychological difficulties or maladaptive behaviors in adulthood.