In cognitive psychology, some pessimistic people find their outlook is beneficial to them because:

• A. It leads them to ignore possible risks and focus only on positive events.
• B. It encourages them to take more risks without considering consequences.
• C. It makes them less likely to plan for the future.
• D. It helps them prepare for potential negative outcomes and reduces disappointment.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of pessimism in cognitive psychology, which involves expecting negative outcomes or focusing on potential problems.
2. Recognize that while pessimism is often seen as negative, it can have adaptive benefits by motivating individuals to anticipate and prepare for possible difficulties.
3. Analyze how this preparation can reduce the impact of negative events by allowing individuals to develop coping strategies or contingency plans.
4. Contrast this with the incorrect options, which suggest ignoring risks or focusing only on positive events, behaviors more typical of optimism rather than pessimism.
5. Conclude that the beneficial aspect of pessimism lies in its role in helping individuals prepare for potential negative outcomes, thereby reducing disappointment.